Tsanangudzo yakadzama
Nzira dzakajairika dzekutsvaga masoja ekudzivirira AIDS ndeidzi:
1. Pathogen kuonekwa
Pathogen kuonekwa kunonyanya kureva kucherechedzwa kwehutachiwana kana majini ehutachiona kubva kumasamples ehutachiwana uye tsika nemagariro, electron microscopic morphology observation, virus antigen kuonekwa uye kutsunga kwemajini.Nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzakaoma uye dzinoda midziyo yakakosha uye nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi.Naizvozvo, chete antigen yekuona uye RT-PCR (reverse transcription PCR) inogona kushandiswa kuchipatara kuongororwa.
2. Kuonekwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere
Masoja ekudzivirira eHIV ari muserum chiratidzo chisina kunanga cheutachiona hweHIV.Zvinoenderana nehukuru hwayo hwekushandisa, nzira dziripo dzekuona hutachiona hweHIV dzinogona kukamurwa kuita bvunzo dzekuongorora uye yekusimbisa bvunzo.
3. Chisimbiso reagent
Western blot (WB) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nzira yekusimbisa iyo yakanaka serum yekuongorora bvunzo.Nekuda kwekureba kwayo kwehwindo nguva, kushomeka kwekunzwa uye kudhura kwakanyanya, iyi nzira inokodzera chete bvunzo yekusimbisa.Nekuvandudzwa kwekunzwa kwechizvarwa chechitatu nechina cheHIV diagnostic reagents, WB yakawedzera kusakwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwayo seyedzo yekusimbisa.
Imwe mhando yekuongorora yekusimbisa reagent inotenderwa neFDA ndeye immunofluorescence assay (IFA).IFA inodhura zvishoma pane WB, uye kushanda kuri nyore.Iyo yose nzira inogona kupedzwa mukati meawa 1-1.5.Chinhu chikuru chakaipa cheiyi nzira ndechekuti inoda inodhura fluorescence detectors uye vane ruzivo ruzivo kuti vaone mibairo yekuongorora, uye mhedzisiro yekuyedza haigone kuchengetedzwa kwenguva yakareba.Iye zvino FDA inokurudzira kuti mhedzisiro yeIFA isina kunaka kana kuti yakanaka inofanirwa kuvepo kana ichipa mibairo yekupedzisira kune vanopa vane WB isingazivikanwe, asi isingatariswe sechiyero chekukodzera ropa.
4. Kuongorora bvunzo
Kuongorora bvunzo kunonyanya kushandiswa kuongorora vanopa ropa, saka zvinoda kuvhiyiwa kuri nyore, mutengo wakaderera, kunzwa uye kujeka.Parizvino, nzira huru yekuongorora munyika ichiri ELISA, uye kune mashoma particle agglutination reagents uye nekukurumidza ELISA reagents.
ELISA ine yakanyanya kunzwisiswa uye yakasarudzika, uye iri nyore kushanda.Inogona kushandiswa chete kana laboratori ine microplate reader uye ndiro yekuwachisa.Inonyanya kukodzera kuongororwa kwakakura murabhoritari.
Particle agglutination bvunzo ndeimwe yakapusa, yakanakira uye yakaderera-mutengo yekuona nzira.Migumisiro yeiyi nzira inogona kutongwa nemeso asina kupfeka, uye kunzwisiswa kwakanyanya kwazvo.Inonyanya kukodzera nyika dzichiri kusimukira kana nhamba huru yevanopa ropa.Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti masampula matsva anofanirwa kushandiswa, uye iwo chaiwo haana kunaka.
Chirwere cheHepatitis C virus:
1) 80-90% yevarwere vane hepatitis mushure mekuwedzerwa ropa vane hepatitis C, vazhinji vavo vane hutano hwakanaka.
2) Muvarwere vane hepatitis B, kunyanya avo vanowanzoshandisa zvigadzirwa zveropa (plasma, ropa rose) zvinogona kukonzera co utachiona hwehepatitis C, zvichiita kuti chirwere chive chisingaperi, chiropa chechiropa kana kenza yechiropa.Nokudaro, HCV Ab inofanira kuonekwa kune varwere vane hutachiona hweH hepatitis B kana varwere vane chirwere chisingaperi chehepatitis.